A recent report by SEATINI Uganda has revealed alarming levels of illegal hazardous pesticide imports into the country, posing significant threats to public health, the environment, and the agricultural sector. Uganda’s agricultural industry, which contributes 70% of the nation’s GDP and supports millions of livelihoods, is now grappling with the impact of toxic agrochemicals undermining its progress.
The report highlights the presence of unregistered pesticides, raising concerns about the government’s enforcement of regulations. While 115 active ingredients and 669 pesticide brands are officially registered for legal use in Uganda, the illegal influx of unapproved chemicals is causing serious harm. Farmers, often unaware of the risks, are unknowingly using these hazardous substances, leading to reduced soil fertility, lower crop yields, and severe health consequences.
Health and Environmental Impacts
Dr. Giregon Olupot, a clinical scientist, described the situation as a “silent killer,” emphasizing the long-term health effects on both consumers and farmers. “This is a killer that every one of us is a victim to,” he said, warning about the toxic legacy being left behind.
Ms. Agnes Kirabo, Executive Director of the Health and Environmental Advocacy Group, highlighted the link between unsafe agricultural practices and the rising demand for cancer treatment facilities. “Ignoring the impact of toxic pesticides not only endangers public health but also overwhelms our healthcare system,” she stated.
Uganda’s reliance on agriculture as an export driver could be jeopardized if the misuse of hazardous pesticides continues. The European Union (EU), a key market for Ugandan produce, requires stringent compliance with safety standards. SEATINI Uganda’s Programs and Communications Manager, Mr. Herbert Kafeero, warned,
“Failure to address this issue could result in losing access to valuable export markets, threatening the livelihoods of thousands of farmers.”
According to FAO data, pesticide usage in Uganda has more than doubled in the past decade, from 2,990 metric tons in 2010 to 6,009 metric tons in 2022. The monetary value of pesticide imports has also surged, reaching $75.87 million in 2022, with a peak of $108.57 million in 2020. Despite this growth, many of the pesticides being used qualify as Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs), with some even classified as reproductive toxicants and carcinogens.
Registered Yet Dangerous Chemicals
Shockingly, even some officially registered pesticides meet criteria for being extremely or highly hazardous. For instance, Brodifacoum, classified as “extremely hazardous” by WHO standards, is legally registered in Uganda. Such oversight raises questions about the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks managed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries (MAAIF) and the National Drug Authority (NDA).
Experts are urging the government to strengthen enforcement of pesticide regulations, promote safer pest management alternatives, and educate farmers on sustainable practices like agroecology.
“We must integrate traditional farming wisdom with modern techniques,” said Dr. Olupot. “It’s not just about science; it’s about sustainability.”
The future of Uganda’s agriculture—and the health of its people—depends on immediate and collective action. Safeguarding the sector will require stricter controls, increased farmer education, and prioritizing public health over short-term agricultural gains.
As the debate over hazardous pesticides continues, the stakes couldn’t be higher: Uganda must act now to protect its agricultural legacy, its people, and its economy from this silent but deadly threat.